Plundering Africa – Income Deflation and Unequal Ecological Exchange Under Structural Adjustment Programmes
by Dylan Sullivan and Jason Hickel, published on Black Agenda Report, March 12, 2025 Originally published in ROAPE . During the 1980s and 1990s, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank forced governments across Africa to implement neoliberal structural adjustment programmes (SAPs). SAPs compelled post-colonial governments to cut public services and public-sector production, remove labour market regulations and wage[…]
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